Physiotherapists use electrotherapy methods to treat disorders relating to the muscles and/or bone. These methods are called modalities. These are some of the modalities used in physiotherapy:

• Ultrasound - involves the use of high frequency sound waves that stimulate blood circulation and cell activity providing pain relief, reduced swelling and overall accelerating the healing process.
• Laser - is used to produce a concentrated beam of light radiation, which stimulates healing and reduces pain, inflammation and swelling. It is often used for skin conditions, soft tissue injuries and open wounds.
• E.M.S. - or Electrical Muscle Stimulation is a technique to elicit muscle contractions by delivering electrical impulses to the muscles. Lead wires connect the stimulator, which is battery operated, to the electrodes which are placed on the skin. They complete an electrical current. Cycles of electrical impulses are sent through the skin activating underlying motor muscles resulting in muscle contractions. It can be used to relax muscle spasms, increase blood circulation, re-educate muscles and maintain or increase range of motion.
• T.E.N.S. - or Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Muscle Stimulation is a non-invasive, non-narcotic method of controlling pain. It is indicated for symptomatic relief and management of chronic pain such as low back, arthritis and chronic spasms and strains. It is the use of tiny, comfortable electrical impulses sent through the skin to stimulate nerves to modify your pain perception.
  TENS is not a cure but it does help control pain.
• Interferential (IFC) - Two or four electrodes are placed on the patient's skin and tiny electrical impulses are induced into the tissues in the area of the pain. The low-frequency stimulation induces the body to secrete endorphins, which are the body's natural painkillers, and stimulate local blood flow, which can speed up the rate of healing. Patients feel a pins and needles sensation while having IFC and generally find it quite relaxing.
• IFC can be used to treat most soft tissue or joint injuries.

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